6-Gingerol
(S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone
Chemical Class
Phenolic Ketone / Gingerol
Molecular Formula
C17H26O4
Molecular Weight
294.39 g/mol
Half-Life
Plasma half-life approximately 1–3 hours. Metabolised via hepatic pathways including glucuronidation and sulphation.
Bioavailability
Moderate oral bioavailability. Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract. Metabolised to shogaol and paradol derivatives. Peak plasma levels reached within 1–2 hours of oral administration.
Known Effects
Anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, analgesic, anticancer, antioxidant, and gastroprotective activity. Key compound responsible for ginger's pungency and many of its therapeutic effects.
Mechanism of Action
5-HT3 receptor antagonism (antiemetic). COX-1 and COX-2 dual inhibition (anti-inflammatory). NF-κB and MAPK pathway modulation. Vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) modulation (analgesic). Stimulation of gastric mucus secretion (gastroprotective). Thermogenic activity through catecholamine release.
Safety Data
Generally recognised as safe at dietary levels. No significant adverse effects reported at therapeutic doses up to 2 g/day. Mild GI effects possible at high doses.